P4: Describe the actions taken to reduce risks to security whilst using the internet for different types of business activities.

HOW TO REDUCE RISK?

Business risk is a growing concern in business, especially today’s economy. The owners need to take control of their companies, assess the risks inherent in both their firms and industries and determine how to best reduce these risks.

Setting up password:

We need to be careful when we are setting up password for our important data, especially when it comes to a business because we are keeping company documents and the employees and customer data. When the company setting up the password with a cheap lock which means weak password, it will be easy to break the password and once the door is open, cyber-criminals can take just about anything. A poor setting up password is a risk the company should not ignore. By having a weak password, cyber-criminals can just steal all the data in the company even they can hacked our privacy stuff such as the email, bank account, our address etc. In a business, some might giving their employees the password to access the data system. 

Diagram 1: Weak Password

To avoid weak password, a company must pick a password that consists of at least 8 characters and use a capital letter and a number to complicate the password. Other than that, in company, the employees that are given the data system password must be trusted or else they are be the one who hacked the company systems. The company also need to setup different password for every systems they have.

Taking precaution over security of data:

Business online or website systems is the main source of income today despite most website owners to get the issues security website. We regularly hear about website security issues such as hacked information or stolen credit cards and getting grimy with the virus. This can cause the website and reputation a lot of damage. Programs like Trojans, worms, malware and spyware attach themselves to the system. Then hopefully watch or record what we are doing. Therefore, the personal information may be exposed due to weak site security.

Diagram 2: Security of data

Cyber crimes come from the internet. The first fortress to protect the data is a Firewall. Windows already provides Firewalls on all operating systems. We just need to activate the Windows Firewall by clicking on the Control Panel then go to Windows Firewall. Once Firewall is enabled, a computer that has a data needs Antivirus. Regardless of paid or free, it is important for every time computer protection. Examples of antivirus like Avira, Kaspersky, AVG and Sophos.

Backing up data:

Data backup is important in every business because it is an evidence for what they are doing, and the systems do. Sometimes we do not know when the virus is will attack our internal and external devices where we keep all our information and detail about importance data of the company. A risk of backing up data is that disaster can happen. There is a few of the common reasons computers lose stored data, such as:

Human Error: A employees with not good intention may inadvertently change or delete important data.

Software failure: If you’re running windows, you may be alert with the types of operating system where crashes can happen anytime. Operating system crashes, software application errors, and lockups can all cause the data to become damaged or corrupted.

Hardware failure: Hard drives can have mechanical failures, also develop bad sectors or just completely stop working one day, all of these can cause the data to disappear.

Diagram 3: Backing up data

To avoid this time of risk, we must give all the important data or password to access to trusted employees or people, so that someone with not good intention cannot access or delete the data. Other than that, we need to take it slow by copying one folder at a time if the data is large, to avoid crashes occur and to keep the important data safe.

P3: describe the use of internet for different types of business activities

METHOD OF BACKING UP DATA.

Data backup is the most important is because to protect the business data, it is part of running a business. A business can be more prepared with having data backup systems in place.
There are many types of backing up data, such as:

• Cloud backup
• External hard disk 
• USB Flash Drive

CLOUD BACKUP

Cloud Backup refers to backing up data to a remote, cloud-based server. Cloud backup data is stored in and accessible from several distributed and connected resources that comprise a cloud.

Diagram 1: Cloud Backup

There are plenty of third party cloud storage options around with big names, which is free, paid or free with paid extras, such as:

•          iCloud
•          Dropbox
•          Google drive
•          OneDrive

ICLOUD

iCloud securely stores your photos, videos, documents, music, apps and more. It can make you easily share photos, calendars, locations and more with friends and family. iCloud is used for Apple brand only. When you sign in to iCloud on your other devices and computers using the same Apple ID. 

Diagram 2: ICLOUD

Advantages of ICloud:

•          Simple and easy to use
•          Simple access to your data
•          Unlimited storage capability

Disadvantages of  ICloud:

•         Slow transfer of large files
•          Need to have internet connection
•          Not all files are included in iCloud Backup

DROPBOX

Dropbox is a home for all your work. You can store and share files, collaborate on projects and bring the best ideas. It can store and access files from anywhere, if any changes are making from one device will automatically sync across all the devices. A Dropbox basic account is free and includes 2 GB of space.

Diagram 3: Dropbox

Advantages of Dropbox:

·         Good amount of storage space.

·         Easy to use.

·         Share files using Dropbox

Disadvantages of Dropbox:

·         Can’t upload folders directly to its web app.

·         No secure encryption when data is at rest.

GOOGLE DRIVE

Google drive is one of the biggest advantages of having a google account. When we sign up google account we will get 15 GB of free storage and it integrates with Gmail, google photos and Google’s productivity apps, enabling to edit documents, save and share files and backup pictures directly to the cloud.

Diagram 4: Google Drive

OneDrive

OneDrive is Microsoft’s service for hosting files in the “cloud”, that’s available for free to all the owners of Microsoft account. OneDrive offers users a simple way to store, sync and share all kind of files, with other people and devices on the web. 

Diagram 5: OneDrive

Advantages of OneDrive:

• Free Storage – 15GB of free storage as well as the chance to earn extra free storage space.
• Easy organization – can store any kind of file on OneDrive be it photos, video, and documents and then access them from any of your windows PCs or mobile devices.

Disadvantages of OneDrive:

• Limited document size support – Microsoft does not support files over 15GB in OneDrive
• Limited offline access

EXTERNAL HARD DISK

An external hard drive is a portable storage device that can be attached to a computer through a USB or FireWire connection or wirelessly. It typically has high storage capacities and are often used to backup computers or serve as a network drive.

Diagram 6: External Hard Disk

Advantages of External Hard Disk:

• Low cost and convenience of setup
• Large capacity
• The ability to be disconnected or turned off when a backup is not in progress – which prevent them from being infected by viruses, spyware and others

Disadvantages of External Hard Disk

• Most external hard disk have no password
• The same data loss as internal drives
• File versioning is difficult to set up on external hard drives

USB FLASH DRIVE

USB flash drive also known as pen drive, it is a plug and play portable storage device that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a keychain. It can store important documents and data backups, carry favorite setting or applications. The minimum size of a USB flash drive capacity is 2 GB and the maximum capacity is 512GB.

Diagram 7: USB Flash Drive

Advantages of USB Flash Drive:

• Small and can hold large quantities of data
• Portable – user can take them wherever they go

Disadvantages of USB Flash Drive:

• Can sustain only limited number of write and erase cycles before the drive fails
• Portable storage devices in general are more likely to be lost, stolen or damaged.

P2: By using contrasting businesses, describe examples of how the Internet is used.

Internet is one of the most successful and useful tools has ever created. there are different ways on how to use the internet in the business or organization. Most of the common usually use the internet to promote their product and services of their company. Here's how two contrasting businesses uses the internet:

Tabung Amanah Islam Brunei (TAIB Brunei)

Tabung Amanah Islam Brunei is one of a bank in Brunei Darussalam which also known as Taib Brunei.  Taib is a body corporate established in Brunei Darussalam under the Perbadanan Tabung Amanah Islam Brunei Act. Taib Brunei was officially launched by His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaullah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Kairi Waddien, Sultan yang Di-Pertuan of Negara Brunei Darussalam, the Present Monarch who is the Supreme Executive Authority of the Country. The establishment of Taib Brunei is on 29^th September 1991.

The launching of Taib marked a new beginning for Brunei Darussalam as Taib was the first Financial Institution that conducted all its activities in accordance with Islamic faith. Taib is private limited company.  Taib has two subsidiary companies which are Insurans Islam Taib Sendirian Berhad (Takaful/Insurance) and Darussalam Holdings Sendirian Berhad (Haj/Umrah Services, Travel Agent) where both of which Taib has a 100% shareholding. Taib main office building is located at Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan. They have 7 branches excluding the main office, which are located at Kiulap, Lambak, Airport Mall, Tanjung Bunut, Kuala Belait, Tutong and Temburong.

Diagram 1: TAIB Brunei

Taib Brunei providing online banking. Commercial and corporate banking, providing financing to business activities of all kinds. It enables customers to conduct financial transaction through Taib Brunei website. For example, Taib Brunei has its own application, their customers can avoid those traffic jammed on their way to go to Taib Bank and also, they can avoid queues when paying their bills or never running out of their prepaid top-up ever again. With the application provided, they gain comfort of managing their finances while on the go.

Diagram 2: TAIB Brunei Application

Progresif Cellular

Progresif Cellular Sdn Bhd is a Brunei based telecommunications company which also known as PCSB. The name of the chairman PCSB is Hj Abu Bakar bin Hj Ibrahim, who is also the Deputy Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance. Progresif Cellular Sdn Bhd announced the acquisition of B-Mobile effective 1^st July 2014. PCSB company also a wholly owned subsidiary of Darussalam Assets Sdn Bhd. It is an investment holding company under Brunei’s Ministry of Finance, established to managed government investment in government-liked companies.The headquaters of PCSB company is at Kiarong, Brunei Darussalam. Today, Progresif Cellular have 8 branches which are at Tutong, Tanjung Bunut, Yayasan, Gadong Berakas, Brunei International Airport and 2 branches at Kuala Belait.

Diagram 3: Progresif Cellular

PCSB company doing advertising on their social media's. This help the business to advertise their product and services online, which is more appropriate and it cost less than doing those banners and brouchers. For example, Progresif Cellular whenever they have promotion about their product and services they will announced it through their social media's by doing that their customers will not missed any chances.

Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf

The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf is a coffee chain company that produces Californian-based coffee. The company was founded by 2 people, Mona and Herbert Hyman. The company first gave rise in the neighborhood of Brentwood in Los Angeles in September 1963. The Coffee Bean today has many locations all over the world. A great entrepreneur, Victor Sassoon, from Singapore had a vision of expanding the company Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf and therefore opened locations throughout Southeast Asia including Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines and many more. The Coffee Bean started in Brunei in 2001. The headquarters of Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf in Brunei is at Bandar Seri Begawan.

Diagram 4: The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf

Diagram 5: Ramadhan offer

Most of businesses use internet for their marketing online including Coffee Bean.  Since Coffee Bean has many competitors they keep on updating about their new products and they as well do a lot of promotions every month. For example, the latest product that they launch is “Salted Caramel Ice-Blended” and they are having seasonal promotion which is for Ramadhan special offer which is 15% off on food and beverages. 

Diagram 6: CBTL latest product

P1: Describe the Internet and the worldwide web are and how they operate.

What is Internet?

The Internet is globally connected network system that uses IP data transfers through specific routers and servers. When two computers are connected over the Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice, videos and computer programs. The Internet is a global exchange network including private, public, business and government networks based on wireless and fiber-optic technologies.

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used replaceable, but they are not the same. The web is one of the services delivered over the Internet while the Internet refers to a global communications system, including hardware and infrastructure.

Equipment to setup the Internet

There are various options right now when choosing Internet service. When picking a provider, it is important to consider whether living in rural or urban area, how many people are in the house and what speeds we need to make sure everyone is connected.

The types of equipment to setup Internet are:

•  Routers
•  Modems
•  Servers
•  Wireless Network
• Cellular Network
• Wired Network

    1. Routers

The router is the piece of network hardware that allows communication between the local home network. It contains software called firmware that should be updated as released by the router manufacturer. A router is the first line of security from interruption into a network. Enabling the highest level of security in the router is the best way to keep the computer system and information safe from attacks.

Diagram 1: Router

    2. Modems

A modem is a hardware device that allows a computer to send and receive data over a telephone line or cable or satellite connection. The modem converts data between analog and digital formats in real time for two-way network communication. There are two types of modems such as dial-up modems and broadband modems.

Diagram 2: Modem

    3.Servers

A server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to another computer over the Internet or local network. The word server is understood by most to mean a web server where web pages can be accessed over the Internet through a client like a web browser. There are different types of servers which are, file server, print server, web server, application server, server capabilities and server software.

Diagram 3: Server

    4. Wireless Network

Wireless network allows devices to stay connected to the network, but roam untethered to any wires. Access points amplify WI-FI signals, so a device can be far from a router but still be connected to the network.

Diagram 4: Wireless Network

    5. Cellular Network

Cellular technology provides wireless Internet access through cell phones. The speeds vary depending on the provider, but the most common are 3G and 4G speeds.

Diagram 5: Cellular Network

    6.Wired Network

     A wired network is a kind of normal wired configuration. Most wired network use Ethernet cables to transfer data between connected PCs. In a small wired network, a single router may be used to connect all the computers. Larger networks often involve multiple routers or switches that connect to one another.

Diagram 6: Wired Network

World Wide Web (WWW) 

      World Wide Web (WWW) is hypertext document system that are linked to one another. The Internet is a way to access an attached set of documents. The world wide web has been widely available since 1991. Hypertext documents can contain text, images or even audio and video data. The world wide web, serves as a massive information base and facilitates the dissemination of this information around the world. The world wide web mission is to lead the web with full potential by developing a common protocol that promotes evolution and ensures its interoperability.

Diagram 7: World Wide Web (WWW)

PROTOCOLS

Protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when communicate. Protocols specify interactions between the communicating entities. There are three types of protocols, such as:

• Transmission control protocol (TCP)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

1) Transmission control protocol (TCP)

- It is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation via which application programs can exchange data. Transmission control protocol works with the internet protocol which defines how computers sends packets of data to each other.

2) Internet Protocol (IP)

- the internet protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Each computer on the internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers n the internet.

3) Hypertext Transfer protocol (HTTP)

- Hypertext transfer protocol is the set of rules for transferring files on the world wide. As soon as a web user opens their web browser, the user is indirectly making use of HTTP. It is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to internet. It is used in every organizations that provide access to the internet using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects.

Diagram 8: Internet Society Provider

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

The world wide web consortium (W3C) is worldwide community where the organization staff and the public work together to develop web standards. The mission of W3C is to lead World Wide Web to its potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure the long-term growth of the web. The purpose of W3C is to develop open standards so that the web evolves in one way rather than being split among competing factions.

Diagram 9: World Wide Web Consortium

Internet Society (ISOC)

A global cause-driven society that handles internet standards, education and policy development. The mission of ISOC’s is to guarantee open internet development by enhancing and supporting internet use for organizations and individuals worldwide.

Diagram 10: Internet Society

NETWORK

A network involves of two or more computers that are connected in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow microelectronic communications. There are two very common types of networks, include:

•   Local Area Network (LAN)
•  Wide Area Network (WAN)

Advantages of using network:

      1.     Sharing devices such as printers saves money.

      2.     Documents can easily be shared between users.

      3.     Data is easy to backup as all the data is stored on the file server.

Disadvantages of using network:

      1.   There is a risk of hacking, particularly with wide are networks. Security procedures are needed to       avoid such misuse, example: firewall.

      2.    Purchasing the network cabling and file servers can be expensive.

WI-FI

WI-FI is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed internet and network connection. A wireless router is a device that performs the functions of a router and also includes the purposes of a wireless access point. It is used to provide access to the internet or computer network. The router is beneficial because it shares the internet signal between the many devices without using any cables.

Diagram 11: WI-FI

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is a similar radio-wave technology, it’s is a short-range wireless communication technology that allows devices such as mobile phones, computers, data over a short distance. The purpose of Bluetooth is to replace the cables hat normally connect devices, while still keeping the communications between them secure.

Diagram 12: Bluetooth

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

A handheld device that combines computing, telephone or fax, internet and networking features. It can be used for web browsing, office applications, watching videos, viewing photos or as mobile phones. Personal digital assistant has the ability to back up the information as well as PDAs can provide lots of entertainment.

Diagram 13: Personal Digital Assistant

SMARTPHONES

A smartphone is a cellular telephone with an integrated computer and other features not originally related with phones such as operational system, web browsing and the ability to run software application. It is almost the same as personal digital assistant (PDA).

Diagram 14: Smartphones